16 TENSES

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Simple present tense is usually used to show facts, habits, and events that occur at this time.

(+) Subject (S) (I, You, They, We ) + Verb 1
Subject (S) (He, She, It) + Verb 1 (s/es)
(-) Subject (S)  (I, You, They, We ) + do + not + Verb 1
Subject (S) (He, She, It) + Does + not + Verb 1
(?) Do + Subject (S) (I, You, They, We ) + Verb 1?
Does + Subject (S) (He, She, It) + Verb 1?
Example :
(+) He studies English everynight.
(-) He does not study English everynight.
(?) Does he study English everynight?

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Present continuous tense is usually used to discuss ongoing actions while the conversation

is in progress or it can also be used for future plans.

(+) Subject (S) (I, You, They, We ) + have + Verb 3
Subject (S) (He, She, It) + has + Verb 3
(-) Subject (S) (I, You, They, We ) + have + not + Verb 3
Subject (S) (He, She, It) + has + not + Verb 3
(?) Have + Subject (S) (I, You, They, We ) + Verb 3?
Has + Subject (S) (He, She, It) + Verb 3?
Example :
(+) I have finished my homework
(-) I have not finished my homework
(?) Have I finished my homework?

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Present continuous tense is usually used to discuss ongoing actions while the 

conversation is in progress or it can also be used for future plans.

(+) Subject (S) (I, You, They, We ) + to be (am/are) + Verb 1-ing
Subject (S) (He, She, It) + to be (is) + Verb 1-ing
(-)  Subject (S)  (I, You, They, We ) + to be (am/are) + not + Verb 1-ing
Subject (S) (He, She, It) + to be (is) + not + Verb 1-ing
(?) To be (am/are) + Subject (S) (I, You, They, We ) + Verb 1-ing ?
To be (is) + Subject (S) (He, She, It) + Verb 1-ing ?
Example :
(+) She is eating a cake
(-) She is not eating a cake
(?) Is she eating a cake?

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Present perfect perfect tense is used to express actions that have been completed

at a past point or actions that have begun in the past and continue until now. 

Specifically this action has a certain time and has relevance to the current conditions.

(+) Subject (S)  (I, You, They, We ) + have + been + Verb-ing
Subject (S)  (He, She, It) + has + been + Verb-ing
(-)  Subject (S)  (I, You, They, We ) + have + not + been + Verb-ing
Subject (S)  (He, She, It) + has + not + been + Verb-ing
(?)  Have + Subject (S) (I, You, They, We ) + been + Verb-ing?
Has + Subject (S) (He, She, It) + been + Verb-ing?
Example :
(+) Sean have been sleeping for 3 hours
(-) Sean have not been sleeping for 3 hours
(?) Have Sean been sleeping for 3 hours?

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Simple past tense is used to express an event that happened in the past. 

(+) Subject (S)    (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + Verb 2
(-)  Subject (S)    (I, You, They, We, He, She, It )  + did + not + Verb 1
(?)  Did + Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + Verb 1?
Example :
(+) They played basketball lastnight.
(-) They did not play basketball lastnight.
(?) Did they play basketball lastnight?

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Past continuous tense is used to express that an action is happening at a certain time in the past. 

Usually there are two events in the past and one incident interrupts another. 

The interrupted event uses past continuous tense. 

(+) Subject (S)   (You, They, We ) + to be (were) + Verb 1-ing
Subject (S)    (I, He, She, It) + to be (was) + Verb 1-ing
(-) Subject (S)    (You, They, We ) + to be (were) + not + Verb 1-ing
Subject (S)    (I, He, She, It) + to be (was) + not + Verb 1-ing
(?) To be (were) + Subject (S) (You, They, We ) + Verb 1-ing ?
To be (was) + Subject (S) (I,He, She, It) + Verb 1-ing ?
Example :
(+) Chef Billy was cooking a fried rice.
(-) Chef Billy was not cooking a fried rice.
(?) Was Chef Billy cooking a f ried rice?

 PAST PERFECT TENSE

Past perfect tense is used to indicate an event that occurs before a certain time

in the past and emphasizes facts rather than duration.

(+) Subject (S)    (I, You, They, We, He, She, It)+ had + Verb 3
(-)  Subject (S)    (I, You, They, We, He, She, It) + had + not + Verb 3
(?) Had + Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It) + Verb 3?
Example :
(+) We had arrived at the school.
(-) We had not arrived at the school
(?) Had we arrived at the school?

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Past perfect continuous tense is almost the same as past perfect tense. 

Used to express an action that occurred in the past and has been completed at a certain point in time in the past,

but this tense emphasizes the duration of the event.

(+) Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It) + had + been + Verb-ing
(-) Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It) + had + not + been + Verb-ing
(?) Had + Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It) + been + Verb-ing?
Example :
(+) Lea and Bob had been working together since 1990.
(-) Lea and Bob had not been working together since 1990.
(?) Had Lea and Bob been working together since 1990?

SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

Simple Future tense indicates an action in the future and cannot be influenced. 

Can also be used for spontaneous future decision making or assumptions related to the future. 

"Will" and "be going to" are 2 general indicators of this tenses.

(+) Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + will/shall+ Verb 1
(-) Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + will/shall + not + Verb 1
(?) Will/shall + Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + Verb 1
Example :
(+) You will go to Australia next week.
(-) You will not go to Australia next week
(?) Will you go to Australia next week?

 FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

Future continuous tense shows actions that occur at certain times in the future and actions

that will definitely occur in the near future.

(+) Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + will/shall be + Verb 1-ing

(-)  Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + will/shall not be + not + Verb 1-ing

(?) Will/shall + Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + be + Verb 1-ing ?

Example :

(+) I and my sister will be watching movie tommorow.

(-) I and my sister will not be watching movie tommorow.

(?) Will I and my sister be watching movie tommorow?

FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

Future perfect tense emphasizes actions that have ended at a certain time in the future.

(+)    Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + will/shall + have + Verb 3

(-)     Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It )+ will/shall + have + not + Verb 3

(?)     Will/shall + Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + have + Verb 3?

Example :

(+) We will have recived an email from Mr. Takamura.

(-) We will have not recived an email from Mr. Takamura.

(?) Will we have recived an email from Mr. Takamura?

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Similar to all types of perfect continuous tense, the future perfect continuous

tense is a series of actions that occur before a certain time in the future. 

(+)    Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + will/shall + have + been + Verb-ing

(-)     Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + will/shall + have + not + been + Verb-ing

(?)     Will/shall + Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + have + been + Verb-ing?

Example :

(+) The artist will have been painting a canvas for 24 hours.

(-) The artist will have not been painting a canvas for 24 hours.

(?) Will The artist have been painting a canvas for 24 hours?

PAST FUTURE TENSE

Past future tense is basically used in indirect sentences, where there are changes in shape to adjust to a series of events that exist.

(+) Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + would/should + Verb 1
(-) Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + would/should + not + Verb 1
(?) Would/should + Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + Verb 1
Example :
(+) Jessica would dance at the show.
(-) Jessica would not dance at the show.
(?) Would Jessica dance at the show?

 PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

Past continuous tense emphasizes the series or duration of an action. In addition, 

this is also usually used in indirect sentences.

(+) Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + would/should be + Verb 1-ing
(-)  Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + would/should + not be + not + Verb 1-ing
(?) Would/should + Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + be + Verb 1-ing ?
Example :
(+) Mr. Jacob would be teaching Math at 9 p.m.
(-) Mr. Jacob would not be teaching Math at 9 p.m.
(?) Would Mr. Jacob be teaching Math at 9 p.m?

 PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

There are 3 times in the past future perfect that happened in the past. Point to the future, 

certain time in the past, but the action that occurs must be completed before the time to come. 

And usually used in indirect sentences.

(+)    Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + would/should + have + Verb 3
(-)     Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It )+ would/should + have + not + Verb 3
(?)     Would/should + Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + have + Verb 3?
Example :
(+) She would have sent an email to her mother.
(-) She would not have sent an email to her mother.
(?) would she have sent an email to her mother?

 FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

The continuous continuous tense future past is a fairly difficult form of tense. 

However, you can learn it from the past future perfect tense. The difference, the past future perfect tense 

emphasizes the duration of time that has passed and results.

(+)    Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + would/should + have + been + Verb-ing
(-)     Subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + would/should + have + not + been + Verb-ing.
(?)     Would/should + subject (S) (I, You, They, We, He, She, It ) + have + been + Verb-ing?
Example :
(+) Bruno Mars would have been singging for 3 hours.
(-) Bruno Mars would not have been singging for 3 hours.
(?) Would Bruno Mars have been singging for 3 hours?

SOURCE :

https://www.kuliahbahasainggris.com/english-grammar-16-tenses-rumus-dan-contoh-kalimat-part-1/

https://www.kuliahbahasainggris.com/english-grammar-16-tenses-rumus-dan-contoh-kalimat-part-2/